The Big Story

Diversity in AI is awful

The field of artificial intelligence is too white. And while more can be done, startups and education providers are taking steps to address the root causes.

Much has been written about the issue of race and AI, especially the lack of diversity in the data sets that power the algorithms increasingly used by enterprises to do everything from plotting future inventory to screening job applicants. But the problem extends far beyond the technology itself.

Black leaders are largely nonexistent in exec teams of many AI startups. A Protocol analysis of 40 companies, randomly selected and varying in size from the largest players like UiPath to smaller upstarts, found just three Black executives with a C-suite title.

• "Particularly in the area of AI, the lack of diversity among professionals with hiring abilities, as well as in C-suite offices, explicitly or implicitly deters them from actively recruiting people of color," said Brookings Institution senior fellow Nicol Turner Lee. "This is a very incestuous culture … and no one is taking account because there is no one to check that behavior."
• The list is not comprehensive of the entire industry. And there are notable exceptions to the trend, such as Aicha Evans, the CEO of Amazon-owned autonomous vehicle startup Zoox.
• Still, take OpenAI, one of the most prominent organizations in the industry: It doesn't have a single Black person on its leadership team.
• When asked, OpenAI said: "We recognize that we need to do a better job of recruiting Black researchers, scientists and underrepresented talent across the board. To address this, we heavily weight our recruiting activities, including investing in external resources, to engage underrepresented candidates for all roles and leadership positions."
• Or look at Indigo Ag, which has raised $1.1 billion and commands a $2.7 billion valuation, per PitchBook, making it one of the more well-funded AI startups. Of the 12 executives listed on the leadership page, not a single one is Black — there appear to be no people of color among them, either. That extends to the board of directors as well.
• "We recognize we have a lot of work to do in establishing a more diverse executive team and we are committed to doing better," the company said in a statement. "DEI has been built into multiple facets of our organization in recent months — from recruitment, to ensuring fairness and equity in performance reviews, decision-making and salaries."

Silicon Valley has struggled to reckon with this issue for years now. Out of 1,537 startups analyzed by talent discovery startup Hallo, for example, just 40 had Black founders, per its fourth-quarter diversity report. And the lack of representation has a cascading effect that can dissuade individuals from pursuing a career in the industry, according to Hallo co-founder Vern Howard.

• "There's a massive amount of folks who are African American that don't see people who look like them in these positions," he told Protocol. "It's a huge problem."

Still, some founders see the racial justice movement that followed the the murder of George Floyd last year as a turning point, particularly among venture capitalists in Silicon Valley.

• "There are obstacles, under-representation, forms of bias at every step of the way," Forethought's Deon Nicholas said. But, he said, "the VC and tech industry is moving in the right direction."

One big problem is the lack of social capital among Black entrepreneurs.

• When founders are trying to get startups off the ground, they often turn to their network for seed funding. The same is true when going to pitch venture capitalists for later rounds. For instance, those who graduated from well-regarded institutions, Howard argues, have more robust connections given the inherent network of other successful alumni.
• "If you're basing your investment decisions … on social capital, then there's a huge lack of representation," said Howard.
• He's trying to solve the problem with Hallo, a digital platform that helps connect companies find more diverse job candidates.

But it's not just funding. Educational barriers remain as well. While Black college attendance rates are increasing, the number of STEM graduates remains low. And if you look at a top tech college like MIT, which has a track record of producing successful entrepreneurs, Black students accounted for just 129 of the overall 3,514 degrees awarded from July 2019 to June 2020.

• The rise of online schooling outside of standard four-year academic institutions is providing an alternate avenue. Overall enrollment in such programs is growing, but the challenge still remains getting a job in the field.
• One example of how things are changing: Codecademy is partnering with Black and Brilliant Advocacy Network co-founder Tony Effik on a new initiative, slated to be announced later this month, that's targeted towards the aspiring Black technologists.
• Focused on AI, the 10-week educational program includes topics such as starting a business and user design. Enrollees are also paired with an outside coach to provide career guidance and other advice.
• "We're not necessarily training them to [just] be engineers," Effik told Protocol. "There is going to be an array of jobs that come out the back of this … but you need a foundational layer of technical skills."

Given AI is poised to play an even greater role in our lives — and, in many ways, often without us even knowing — the need to fix this problem is more pressing than ever. Some people are already trying, but there's so much more to be done.

— Joe Williams

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