In a statement, France's Cour de Cassation said: "The driver does not provide services as a self-employed person, but as an employee."
The decision came as part of a driver's request to reclassify his contract.
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Shakeel Hashim
Shakeel Hashim ( @shakeelhashim) is a growth manager at Protocol, based in London. He was previously an analyst at Finimize covering business and economics, and a digital journalist at News UK. His writing has appeared in The Economist and its book, Uncommon Knowledge.
Google’s latest plans for Chromecast are all about free TV
The company is in talks to add dozens of free linear channels to its newest streaming dongle.
Google launched its new Google TV service a year ago. Now, the company wants to add free TV channels to it.
Photo: Google
September 16, 2021
Janko Roettgers (@jank0) is a senior reporter at Protocol, reporting on the shifting power dynamics between tech, media, and entertainment, including the impact of new technologies. Previously, Janko was Variety's first-ever technology writer in San Francisco, where he covered big tech and emerging technologies. He has reported for Gigaom, Frankfurter Rundschau, Berliner Zeitung, and ORF, among others. He has written three books on consumer cord-cutting and online music and co-edited an anthology on internet subcultures. He lives with his family in Oakland.
September 16, 2021
Google is looking to make its Chromecast streaming device more appealing to cord cutters. The company has plans to add free TV channels to Google TV, the Android-based smart TV platform that powers Chromecast as well as select smart TVs from companies including Sony and TCL, Protocol has learned.
To achieve this, Google has held talks with companies distributing so-called FAST (free, ad-supported streaming television) channels, according to multiple industry insiders. These channels have the look and feel of traditional linear TV networks, complete with ad breaks and on-screen graphics. Free streaming channels could launch on Google TV as early as this fall, but the company may also wait to announce the initiative in conjunction with its smart TV partners in early 2022.
Google did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Chromecast owners will likely be able to browse the channels through a dedicated live TV menu, which the company has thus far only used to offer access to paid TV services like its own YouTube TV subscription service. On smart TVs, the streaming channels are expected to be presented alongside over-the-air programming that can be accessed with an antenna.
That approach mirrors the way TV makers like LG and Samsung have integrated free streaming channels into their platforms. For these TV makers, free channels have become an overnight success story. Samsung alone streams "billions of minutes" of linear programming via its TV Plus service every month, Samsung Electronics SVP Sang Kim told Protocol last year.
This success has prompted other TV platform operators to also embrace free linear programming. Roku has added over 200 free channels to its platform, and both VIZIO and Amazon have embraced live channels on their respective devices as well. Most smart TV makers directly integrate these channels into existing program guides, allowing for a seamless transition from live broadcast TV to streamed channels. This effectively turns FAST channels into a free alternative to basic cable.
Increased demand for free streaming channels has been met by a growing interest from media companies looking for ways to monetize their catalog fare. AMC Networks, for instance, has launched multiple FAST channels, including one dedicated to "The Walking Dead" and one featuring IFC comedies like "Portlandia."
Other media companies with their own free streaming channels include the Weather Channel, Scripps, Reuters, Meredith and Bloomberg. It's unclear which of these channels will ultimately find their way to Google TV, but Google is expected to strike deals that will give the company wholesale access to dozens of free channels.
Interestingly, this is not Google's first foray into free TV streaming. When the company unveiled Android TV in 2014, it also included a live channels framework that was designed to aggregate live programming from streaming apps and over-the-air broadcasters. However, the framework never gained much traction, and Google didn't port the Live Channels app to Chromecast when it relaunched its streaming stick a year ago.
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Janko Roettgers (@jank0) is a senior reporter at Protocol, reporting on the shifting power dynamics between tech, media, and entertainment, including the impact of new technologies. Previously, Janko was Variety's first-ever technology writer in San Francisco, where he covered big tech and emerging technologies. He has reported for Gigaom, Frankfurter Rundschau, Berliner Zeitung, and ORF, among others. He has written three books on consumer cord-cutting and online music and co-edited an anthology on internet subcultures. He lives with his family in Oakland.
September 13, 2021
Antoine Nougue is Head of Europe at Checkout.com. He works with ambitious enterprise businesses to help them scale and grow their operations through payment processing services. He is responsible for leading the European sales, customer success, engineering & implementation teams and is based out of London, U.K.
August 24, 2021
While it's easy to get lost in the operational and technical side of a transaction, it's important to remember the third component of a payment. That is, the human behind the screen.
Over the last two years, many retailers have seen the benefit of investing in new, flexible payments. Ones that reflect the changing lifestyles of younger spenders, who are increasingly holding onto their cash — despite reports to the contrary. This means it's more important than ever for merchants to take note of the latest payment innovations so they can tap into the savings of the COVID-19 generation.
And yet, despite the low-hanging fruit this opportunity presents, our research shows 60% of ecommerce merchants globally do not feel they receive enough payment insight to allow them to innovate their models.
So how can businesses turn their ships around before it's too late? I believe it all comes down to a convenient and fast-as-possible payment experience. Consumers don't really see the mechanics behind a payment because they think a one-click button to pay is normal.
Of course, lots of work goes on in the background by a payment service provider to make sure that merchants never miss a sale. That's the link in the chain which merchants need to maximize — their acceptance rates. And a big part of what drives acceptance is understanding the human behind the payment. Why did they abandon their cart? How would they prefer to pay? Are you missing popular local payment options?
A mindset change
Five years ago, payments were dominated by Visa and Mastercard. People used to pay with a debit or credit card, or potentially with a PayPal account. But that was about it.
Today, you have more and more payment methods being introduced that remove the need to enter billing information or enter card details, be that phone-friendly digital wallets, account-to-account payment initiation via open banking or QR codes. Mobile payments are perhaps the most obvious one to take hold of the world in recent years.
Half of ecommerce merchants Checkout.com surveyed said they responded to the increased cross-border demand for ecommerce during COVID-19 by expanding their range of alternative and local payment methods.
But it's not just about the method. Retailers are increasingly investing in the overall user experience; a payment is no longer a commodity, so you really have to go further if you want to differentiate yourself from other retailers.
Thinking on a macro as well as micro level is also a must, starting with the payment environment itself. In the future, Checkout.com predicts a world where increasingly more purchases will take place across different channels and social media platforms.
Our research supports this, finding 63% of consumers hope to shop more frequently directly within social media to enhance the feeling of choosing products within a community. In other words, integrations with third-party channels which don't force consumers to abandon their favourite platforms should be on merchants' horizons.
Retailers need to partner with the biggest social marketplaces in the world. A platform like Instagram isn't a single merchant. It's connected to thousands of retailers. And yet, the social media giant ensures the payment is seamless.
Going international by getting local
As a payment service provider (PSP), Checkout.com already owns a wealth of insights on buyers worldwide and an extensive network of payment rails which can better connect merchants to new and existing customers more easily.
This means a merchant going international with its payments is almost always going to be better off with a PSP by its side, which can pay out as well as accept payments in as many countries as possible.
The ecommerce boom in Europe, which shows no signs of letting up, triggered a surge in cross-border shopping. From it, opportunities emerged for foreign merchants to enter new markets, as consumers began to expect seamless payments no matter the corridor they had to travel.
During the pandemic, only 20% of online businesses we surveyed currently had local acquiring in place for all the markets they serve. And 43% of ecommerce merchants saw sudden demand from new markets in which they were not initially equipped to offer the correct payment methods to process transactions.
This leaves large gaps for plenty of consumers to fall through if merchants don't act now.
To us, "local" means many things, including working with the local acquirer in the local currency. Otherwise, you'll see transactions declined by issuers simply because they don't recognize the transaction as much as a domestic one. These are things that merchants do not know until they actually implement a local solution and see the uplift in acceptance.
Start with the easy wins
Revamping an entire payment system can seem daunting, especially for smaller retailers, which is why it's important to prioritise. While consumers expect everything immediately, in a business world this isn't how results are achieved.
You have to take it step by step. You cannot cover the world map all in one go. Usually, I ask for the static split of a merchant so we can understand the geographies they're covering and the geographies that they want to target. Based on this, we create a strategy.
In countries such as the Netherlands and Germany, if a merchant doesn't accept the local payment methods, it's not going to convert any sales. iDeal in the Netherlands, for example, dominates more than half of all payments throughout the country.
So, a merchant's strategy is going to be different depending on the country. Ultimately, consumers are aware of what they want, and what they want is to pay in the payment method of their choice — a merchant must react to this.
This means localising the experience as well as the payment, i.e., translating your website into local languages, as well as accepting the local payment methods and currencies.
As far as I'm concerned, if I go on a website which is only in USD, and my card is in GBP, I know I'm going to have to take 3% or 4% off with my bank's charges after the payment, so I'll probably look for another website. So, local currency, local language and local payment methods are all easy wins which do not require a lot of integration or big changes.
While integrations such as "buy now, pay later" are incredibly important for large-ticket items, getting the local payment method down first is what will ensure acceptance rates remain high.
Look beyond conversion
To keep on top of digital payments trends, merchants will need a PSP which can streamline the checkout, whatever the payment method, to drive up conversion.
But our data highlights a significant uptick in various subscription models. Some 63% of consumers we spoke to plan to increase their use of lucky dip style subscription services for ecommerce retail products such as clothes, beauty, books and accessories.
With recurring payments comes the risk of churn, either because of faulty cards or a lack of funds. This means thinking beyond conversion will be paramount for merchants, particularly alongside the growing phenomenon of social shopping.
Our analysis speaks for itself. Subscriptions are the next big thing. Thinking ahead to how you can capitalise on this behavioral shift from a payments perspective will seriously impact a merchant's bottom line.
To explore all the trends and insights Checkout.com has gathered, both from consumers and merchants, throughout the pandemic, you can download a copy of our report here.
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Antoine Nougue is Head of Europe at Checkout.com. He works with ambitious enterprise businesses to help them scale and grow their operations through payment processing services. He is responsible for leading the European sales, customer success, engineering & implementation teams and is based out of London, U.K.
Protocol | Policy
Iris scans for food in Jordanian refugee camps
More than 80% of the refugees in Jordanian camps now use iris scans to pay for their groceries. Refugee advocates say this is a huge future privacy problem.
A refugee uses their iris to access their account.
Photo: KHALIL MAZRAAWI/AFP via Getty Images
September 16, 2021
Anna Kramer is a reporter at Protocol (Twitter: @ anna_c_kramer, email: akramer@protocol.com), where she writes about labor and workplace issues. Prior to joining the team, she covered tech and small business for the San Francisco Chronicle and privacy for Bloomberg Law. She is a recent graduate of Brown University, where she studied International Relations and Arabic and wrote her senior thesis about surveillance tools and technological development in the Middle East.
September 16, 2021
Every day, tens of thousands of refugees in the two main camps in Jordan pay for their groceries and withdraw their cash not with a card, but with a scan of their eye.
Nowhere in the United States can someone pay for groceries with an iris scan (though the Department of Homeland Security is considering collecting iris scans from U.S. immigrants, and Clear uses iris scans to verify identities for paying customers at airports) — but in the Jordanian refugee camps, biometric scanners are an everyday sight at grocery stores and ATMs. More than 80% of the 33,000-plus refugees who receive cash assistance and (most of them Syrian) and live in these camps use the United Nations' Refugee Agency iris-scanning system, which verifies identity through eye scans in order to distribute cash and food refugee assistance. Refugees can opt out of the program, but verifying identity without it is so complex that most do not.
IrisGuard, the company that provides the technology, recently shared that nearly 2.3 million refugees are enrolled through its technology. The company touts that it provides a secure way for food-assistance programs to quickly verify refugee identity "with dignity." IrisGuard and the UN argue that the system reduces the likelihood of fraud from people who "dual-register" for extra benefits, and eye-scanning also cuts down on the complex paperwork usually required to verify identity.
Refugee advocate groups see the program as a living example of "tech solutionism" — the idea that advanced technology can and should solve fundamental world problems, regardless of whether there are simpler and less tech-oriented methods available. These groups often cite the concept of proportionality: that the risks mitigated by a technology are equivalent to the harms that could be caused by its use. "Is double registration really an issue in Jordan? Do we know how bad the fraud issue is?" asked Marwa Fatafta, a Middle East and North Africa policy manager at tech human rights advocacy group Access Now. "In this case, trying to enhance the shopping experience of refugees at supermarkets isn't exactly necessary or proportionate."
"If you compare the risks related to human rights versus the benefits of these kinds of programs, we immediately recognize that the risks are far more egregious and grave. In case that information is leaked, you can always change your password, but you can't change your biometric data, you can't change your iris scan," Fatafta said.
The recent news that after U.S. withdrawal finished in Afghanistan, the Taliban managed to claim and access a U.S.-created biometric database of Afghan refugees has increased concern for advocates like Fatafta. "If you look at what's happening in Afghanistan in terms of the Taliban taking control of biometric databases, it gives you a hint at the worst-case scenario of the future of mass collection of biometric data," she said.
Because refugees usually flee governments oppressing them, those governments have a vested interest in any data that would help them identify the people who've left and where they might be. In the case of the Jordanian camps, most refugees based there have fled the ongoing conflict in Syria over the last decade. And it's not just the Syrian government who might have an interest in this information — incontrovertible biometric data on millions of refugees is valuable to countless political actors in the region, all of whom might use it for their own goals, not for the best interest of refugees and not with their consent. Oppressive governments could use data on refugees to track where they travel; to deny them entry, passports or national identity documents if they later return to the country; or even jail people considered "dissidents," like many of those who have fled Syria.
"Being a refugee is supposed to be a temporary status," Fatafta explained. "In contexts like Kenya, we've seen how the biometric registration of refugees by UNHCR has resulted in one or two generations down the line not being able to obtain a national ID in Kenya."
The United Nations and IrisGuard say that they would never willingly provide any of that data to the Jordanian government (which hosts the camps), and that blockchain technology protects the payments from fraud. But Fatafta pointed out that no data is ever perfectly secure, and iris scans are especially vulnerable because they usually remain biologically correct for a person's entire life, meaning a scan conducted on a 10-year old refugee could be just as accurate 50 years later, when perhaps the UN has moved on from this particular program and the data languishes somewhere, becoming increasingly vulnerable over time.
The UN Refugee Agency did not respond to requests for comment, and IrisGuard declined to comment. Access Now sent a series of questions about data privacy and protection to the UN and IrisGuard; the UN replied with assurances that it is doing everything necessary to secure information, while IrisGuard never replied.
Children as young as five may have their irises scanned in the Jordanian camps, which also raises questions about their future consent on the use of the data, according to Fatafta. "Consent is a fundamental pillar of data protection. As a data subject, you have the ultimate agency over your personal information and what you want to share with governments or third parties, companies, whatever," she said. Children don't necessarily have this control, given that their scans as a child remain accurate as an adult.
"It's really hard to have meaningful consent in these situations where refugees are in dire need for humanitarian aid and service delivery, basic needs like food and clothes and cash," Fatafta said. Saying "no" to the fastest and most basic system to get essential food and cash would be exceptionally difficult for anyone in a humanitarian context, raising the question of whether the consent is really authentic for refugees in this situation.
While the system has now been widely adopted, the refugees living in the camps have said in the past that iris-scanning verification also takes away some of their personal freedoms. Paying with an eye at the supermarket makes it harder for people to share money with friends, send children or other family members to buy groceries for them, pool money with others or make other financial decisions once they have cash in hand. Some also feel that they don't have much of a choice in terms of whether they opt into using the system, according to a 2016 report.
"I think we got there because governments and organizations believe that technology is the bulletproof solution to many of those problems that we face. Having millions of refugees is not an easy problem, it's a huge challenge that requires fast and convenient delivery," Fatafta said. "There are companies that are happy to provide these technologies and profit off of those situations."
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Anna Kramer is a reporter at Protocol (Twitter: @ anna_c_kramer, email: akramer@protocol.com), where she writes about labor and workplace issues. Prior to joining the team, she covered tech and small business for the San Francisco Chronicle and privacy for Bloomberg Law. She is a recent graduate of Brown University, where she studied International Relations and Arabic and wrote her senior thesis about surveillance tools and technological development in the Middle East.
Protocol | China
Weibo is muzzling users for discussing a landmark #metoo case
A number of accounts have been suspended, even deleted, after voicing support for the plaintiff.
Photo: Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images
September 16, 2021
Shen Lu is a reporter with Protocol | China. Her writing has appeared in Foreign Policy, The New York Times and POLITICO, among other publications. She can be reached at shenlu@protocol.com.
September 16, 2021
As a Beijing court dismissed China's landmark sexual harassment case on Tuesday, Weibo censors acted to muzzle a number of accounts that voiced support for the accuser, or even simply discussed the trial beforehand.
In 2018, the plaintiff Zhou Xiaoxuan, better known by the nickname Xianzi, filed a high-profile #MeToo case against Zhu Jun, a renowned state broadcast show host. Zhou claimed that Zhu sexually harassed her while she was an intern on Zhu's show in 2014. Chinese web users have closely followed the civil suit, which has also drawn international media attention.
The Tuesday trial was closed to outside observers, and tech companies like Weibo are now actively blocking public discussions of the court ruling. Shortly after the trial, Weibo users (including this author) started receiving messages from platform administrators that notified them of account suspensions due to recent posts that "violated relevant national laws and regulations," which is the language most frequently used to identify politically disfavored online speech. The suspension windows range between seven days and 30 days. During their suspensions, users cannot comment or share. Some users with large followings even saw their accounts deleted for good.
The attempts to erase the footprints of Xianzi's case didn't stop there. According to the China Digital Times, a U.S.-based nonprofit that tracks Chinese censorship, a directive came down from China's internet regulators ordering an unidentified website to ban coverage of the case as well as to filter all content that mentions the court ruling.
The Beijing Haidian People's Court, in a statement posted late Tuesday on Weibo, cited a lack of evidence to support its dismissal of Xianzi's sexual misconduct allegation. But Xianzi tried to offer a counter-narrative, claiming the court refused to admit some evidence, including surveillance footage outside the room where the alleged incident happened. Those posts, which appeared via third-party accounts — Xianzi was barred from posting to her 340,000 Weibo followers for a year starting in July — were also quickly censored.
The censorship initiative went wide and deep. One Weibo user wrote in a post that at least 20 of their Weibo friends who shared posts about the Tuesday trial had been muzzled; they had only a few dozen friends on Weibo.
"Today's Weibo looks like a graveyard," one user posted on Tuesday, adding their feed was "full of posts about friends whose accounts were suspended, deleted or who are 'reborn' with new accounts."
"Not everyone will remember the past, but some will," the user continued. "And these people will not give up just because they are muzzled."
The latest wave of account suspensions and deletions is just an extension of Weibo's ongoing tightening of its grip on users, numbering nearly 566 million. As Chinese authorities have ramped up a crackdown on freedom of speech in the past five years, account deletion, one of the more severe penalties, has become increasingly common. In April alone, Weibo deleted over a dozen accounts that belonged to feminist activists after ultranationalists launched hate campaigns against the women. Weibo, a Nasdaq-listed company, didn't respond to Protocol's request for comment. In an attempt to remedy what the Party sees as toxic celebrity and fan cultures, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), China's cyberspace watchdog and central internet censor, earlier this summer launched a campaign to "cleanse" the internet, including erasing from the web the presence of several pop stars whose actions weren't in line with Party ideology.
More censorship coming
Restrictions on freedom of online expression in China will likely continue to proliferate as cyberspace authorities hand down more internet regulations. Coincidentally, on the day of the sexual-misconduct court hearing, the Central Committee General Office and the State Council General Office released a set of new policy guidelines that called for "strengthening online civilization construction." Of the eight sections, one mandates further standardization of "online content production, information release and the dissemination process," and the building of a national mechanism debunking disinformation based on the existing national Internet Rumor-Refuting Platform.
On Wednesday, a day after the court ruling, the CAC rolled out another set of policy guidelines to step up its control over online expression. The policy document aims to reinforce tech companies' responsibility to moderate content. It mandates firms tighten user supervision, especially certain accounts that "require attention," and establish a database of "blacklisted accounts." The new rules also require social media platforms to prevent the so-called "reincarnation of illegal and irregular accounts." This means that social media users who get kicked off from Weibo can no longer get back on by creating a new account. Companies are also required to beef up in-house content moderation staff in order to improve their censorship system and "further expand the scope" of content moderation.
In August, the CAC released draft regulations to limit tech companies' usage of algorithmic recommendations. The draft rules require companies to build mechanisms that allow humans to manually curate popular search terms, trending topic charts and pop-up windows to "vigorously present information content that conforms to mainstream values."
The treatment of this latest phase of Xianzi's #MeToo case is a departure from, and likely response to, the viral nature of its opening. Last December, when a Beijing court first heard Xianzi's civil suit against Zhu, hundreds of people gathered outside in support of the plaintiff. Live videos and photos circulated widely on Chinese social media as the hearing was in session, and at one point "Xianzi" topped Weibo's trending chart. By contrast, this week, the crowd was far smaller, and one participant said authorities blocked cellular signals outside the court to prevent supporters from communicating via social media. With this censorship operation in full swing, "Xianzi" has not appeared anywhere on Weibo's trending chart. Instead, the top item on the chart on Wednesday was Beijing's new policy guidelines calling for "strengthening online civilization construction."
But these moves haven't deterred web users who have been vocally supporting Xianzi. "Eyes that are open cannot pretend that they can't see what's going on," wrote another Weibo user. "This fight continues, and we will each do our part."
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Shen Lu is a reporter with Protocol | China. Her writing has appeared in Foreign Policy, The New York Times and POLITICO, among other publications. She can be reached at shenlu@protocol.com.
Protocol | Enterprise
Take that, Slack: ServiceNow gets a little closer to Microsoft Teams
ServiceNow is expanding its decade-long partnership with Microsoft as both companies intensify their rivalry with Salesforce.
Microsoft and ServiceNow's "coopetition" is aimed at a higher goal: undermining Salesforce, which is fast becoming the main rival for both vendors.
Photo: Uwe Anspach/Getty Images
September 16, 2021
Joe Williams is a senior reporter at Protocol covering enterprise software, including industry giants like Salesforce, Microsoft, IBM and Oracle. He previously covered emerging technology for Business Insider. Joe can be reached at JWilliams@Protocol.com. To share information confidentially, he can also be contacted on a non-work device via Signal (+1-309-265-6120) or JPW53189@protonmail.com.
September 16, 2021
For ServiceNow, Microsoft is the lesser of two evils compared to Salesforce.
After ditching Slack for Teams following the Salesforce acquisition, ServiceNow is deepening its decade-long partnership with Microsoft, promising co-development of new products and fresh integration capabilities within Teams, it plans to announce Thursday.
"We've been on this rolling thunder journey with Microsoft." ServiceNow Senior Vice President Blake McConnell told Protocol. "This is the next evolution of the journey,"
CEO Bill McDermott routinely proclaims that no other vendor has to lose for ServiceNow to win. But the lines between competitors and allies within enterprise tech are becoming increasingly blurry. And ultimately, CIOs are going to choose to align with partners that provide their preferred package of services — to the detriment of some vendors.
Microsoft and ServiceNow, for example, are growing competitors in the market for employee experience software. However, the two also play nice in the proverbial IT sandbox, with a longstanding partnership covering several aspects of their business, including ServiceNow using Azure to host its software alongside the company's private cloud.
And now, ServiceNow's new "Employee Center" product, which serves as both a corporate information hub and worker help desk, will be available directly in Teams, according to the Thursday release.
Microsoft and ServiceNow's "coopetition" is aimed at a higher goal: undermining Salesforce, which is fast becoming the main rival for both vendors. The company is also expanding quickly into the employee experience market with the release of Work.com. And although Salesforce remains the market leader for customer relationship management software, competition is heating up as Microsoft, along with upstarts like Freshworks, become a bigger threat.
"Ultimately, we respond to customer demand. And we have seen a lot of customer demand … for integrations with Teams," said McConnell.
ServiceNow is not completely abandoning Slack and the company still plans to offer integration capabilities with the instant messaging platform. However, it's hard to see ServiceNow striking a partnership with Salesforce that's similar to its initiatives with Microsoft.
"It is not to the exclusion [of Slack]. We are an enterprise platform, we cut across heterogenous enterprise environments," McConnell added. But "we are elevating Teams to be more of a core conversational interface for us."
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Joe Williams is a senior reporter at Protocol covering enterprise software, including industry giants like Salesforce, Microsoft, IBM and Oracle. He previously covered emerging technology for Business Insider. Joe can be reached at JWilliams@Protocol.com. To share information confidentially, he can also be contacted on a non-work device via Signal (+1-309-265-6120) or JPW53189@protonmail.com.
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